1996 California Proposition 218 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Contents 1 General Information 2 Conditions Leading to Proposition 218 2.1 The 1992 California Supreme Court Knox Case 2.2 Property-Related Fee and Charge Abuses By Local Governments 3 Proposition 218 Election Campaign 3.1 Campaign Opposition and Support 3.2 Election Results and Summary Statistics 4 Profound Impact on California Governance 5 Article XIII C – Local Government Taxes 5.1 Constitutional Definitions 5.1.1 "Local Government" 5.1.2 Local Tax Types 5.1.2.1 Special Tax 5.1.2.2 General Tax 5.1.3 "Tax" Definition and Proposition 26 (2010) 5.1.3.1 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Nontax Fees and Charges 5.2 Voter Approval Requirements and Related Provisions for Local Taxes 5.2.1 When Voter Approval Required 5.2.1.1 New Taxes 5.2.1.2 Tax "Increase" 5.2.1.3 Tax "Extension" 5.2.1.4 Tax "Modernization" 5.2.2 General Tax Vote Requirement 5.2.2.1 General Tax Abuses By Local Governments 5.2.3 Special Tax Vote Requirement 5.2.4 Application of Proposition 218 Tax Restrictions to Local Initiatives 5.2.4.1 Voter Approval Requirements for Taxes Previously Applied to Local Initiatives 5.2.5 Legal Authority to Impose Local Taxes 5.2.6 Temporary vs. Permanent Taxes 6 Local Government Issues Related to Proposition 218 Elections 6.1 Opinion Polling Before Placing a Tax Measure on the Ballot 6.2 Local Government "Informational" Campaigns in Local Tax Elections 6.3 Ballot Questions in Local Tax Elections 6.4 Local Politicians "Letting the Voters Decide" 7 Voter/Taxpayer Issues Related to Proposition 218 Elections 7.1 Voter Considerations in Local Proposition 218 Elections 7.1.1 Tax Increases and Public Employee Costs 7.1.2 Tax Increases and Public Safety 7.1.3 Cumulative Tax Burdens and Precedent 7.2 Availability of Taxpayer Tools 7.3 Availability of Local Government Data for Use by Voters in Tax Elections 7.3.1 Extensive Data Sources Available 7.4 Election Campaigns Involving Local Government Taxes 8 Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Local Government Levies 8.1 Reduced Signature Requirement Local Initiative Power 8.2 Example Uses of Local Initiative Power Under Proposition 218 8.3 Validity of Local Initiative Power Under Proposition 218 9 Article XIII D – Assessment and Property-Related Fee Reforms 9.1 Constitutional Definitions 9.1.1 "Agency" 9.1.2 "Assessment" 9.1.2.1 "Special Benefit" 9.1.3 Property-Related Fee or Charge 9.1.3.1 Groundwater Fees 9.2 Proposition 218 Levy Limitations 9.2.1 Electrical or Gas Service Exemption Under Article XIII D 9.2.1.1 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Exempt Electrical or Gas Service Levies 10 Assessments – Procedures and Requirements 10.1 Identification of Parcels Subject to Assessment 10.2 Engineer's Report 10.2.1 Electronic Data Files 10.3 Special Benefit and Proportionality Requirements 10.3.1 Separating General Benefits From Special Benefits 10.3.2 Proportionality Requirement 10.4 Public Parcels Also Subject to Assessment 10.5 Written Notice Requirement 10.5.1 Inclusion of Assessment Ballot 10.6 Public Hearing Requirement 10.6.1 Assessment Ballot Tabulation; Weighted Ballots 10.6.1.1 Secrecy of Assessment Ballots 10.7 Majority Protest for Assessments 10.7.1 Validity of Assessment Ballot Process Under Proposition 218 10.7.1.1 Federal Law Invalidity Provision 10.8 Local Agency Burden to Demonstrate Compliance 10.9 The Landmark 2008 Silicon Valley Taxpayers Supreme Court Case 10.9.1 Changed Legal Environment Following Silicon Valley Taxpayers Case 10.10 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Approved Assessments 10.11 Article Effective Date; Assessment Exemptions 10.11.1 Assessment Exemptions 10.11.1.1 When Assessments Deemed "Increased" 10.11.2 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Exempt Assessments 11 Property-Related Fees and Charges – Procedures and Requirements 11.1 Triggering Events for Property-Related Fee or Charge Provisions 11.1.1 When Property-Related Fees or Charges Deemed "Increased" 11.1.2 When Property-Related Fees or Charges Deemed "Extended" 11.2 Procedures for New or Increased Property-Related Fees or Charges 11.2.1 Written Notice Requirement 11.2.2 Public Hearing Requirement 11.2.3 Majority Protest for Property-Related Fees and Charges 11.2.4 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Agency Approved Property-Related Levies 11.2.5 Political Accountability For Approving Controversial Property-Related Levies 11.2.5.1 Use of Recall Power 11.2.6 Applicability to Tenancies of Real Property 11.3 Requirements for Existing, New, or Increased Property-Related Fees and Charges 11.3.1 Total Cost Requirement 11.3.1.1 Transferring excess utility revenue to a General Fund 11.3.2 Use Requirement 11.3.3 Proportional Cost of Service Requirement 11.3.4 Actual Use or Immediate Availability Requirement 11.3.4.1 Classification of Standby Charges 11.3.5 General Governmental Services Prohibition 11.3.6 Tiered (Conservation) Water Rates and the 2015 Capistrano Decision 11.3.7 Lifeline Utility Rates for Low Income Customers 11.4 Voter Approval for New or Increased Property-Related Fees and Charges 11.4.1 Election Exemptions 11.4.2 Property-Related Fee or Charge Election Procedures 11.4.2.1 Property Owner Election Procedures 11.4.3 Stormwater Drainage Fees and Charges 11.4.3.1 Stormwater Drainage Fees and the 2002 Salinas Decision 11.4.3.2 SB 231 (2017) Attempt to Circumvent Voter Approval Requirement for Stormwater Fees 11.4.3.3 Local Initiative Power to Reduce or Repeal Stormwater Fees and Charges 11.5 Local Agency Burden to Demonstrate Compliance 12 Application to Regional Levies 12.1 Regional Levies and Accountability Issues 13 Application to State Levies 13.1 State Levies Imposed Within Limited Geographic Boundaries 13.2 Article XIII D Application to the State 14 Liberal Interpretation Constitutional Provision 14.1 Judicial Interpretation Before Proposition 218 15 Reaction to Proposition 218 by Local Governments 16 References 17 External links General Information The official legal title of the measure was: "Voter Approval for Local Government Taxes. Limitations on Fees, Assessments, and Charges. Initiative Constitutional Amendment."[14] Election Results and Summary Statistics Proposition 218 passed with 56.55% support statewide, representing a margin of victory of 13.1 percentage points.[40] California Proposition 218 (1996) Choice Votes % Referendum passed Yes 5,202,429 56.55 No 3,996,702 43.45 Total votes 9,199,131 100.00 Source: California Secretary of State, Statement of Vote November 5, 1996 General Election, p. xiii. Propsition 218 passed in 54 (93%) of the 58 counties in California.[41]

Proposition 218 passed in 405 (86%) of the 469 cities in California in 1996.[42]

Proposition 218 passed in 67 (84%) of the 80 current State Assembly Districts and 34 (85%) of the 40 current State Senate Districts in California (based on 2011 Redistricting currently in effect).[43][44] This means that Proposition 218 passed in the overwhelming majority of current state legislative districts in California without regard to the political party representation (Democrat or Republican) in those districts. For the 2019–20 Legislative Session, Proposition 218 passed in 79% of the legislative districts held by Democrats and in 100% of the legislative districts held by Republicans.[43][44][45]

in the area Availability of Local bepis

Photograph a historic site, help Wikipedia, and win a prize. Participate in the world's largest photography competition this month! Learn more Wikipedia:Wikipedia records From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Shortcut WP:RECORDS "WP:RECORDS" redirects here. For WikiProject Record Charts, see WP:RECORD. WikiStats P cartesian graph.svg Main General info Status statistics WikiStats project WikiProject edit counters General statistics Awareness Editors Total size Size comparisons Growth Records Zipf's law comparison Breakdowns Editors by number of edits Editors by article count Time between edits Administrator actions vte This page details various records of Wikipedia and is constantly updated as legitimate records are added by various users.

Contents 1 Beginnings 1.1 Oldest pages in each namespace 1.2 First Main Page section appearances 2 Articles 3 Views 3.1 Cumulative views 3.2 Single-day views 4 Edits 5 Title length 5.1 Articles with the longest titles 5.2 Articles with the shortest titles 6 Links 7 Disambiguation pages 8 Consensus participation 8.1 Requests for adminship 9 Languages 10 Files 10.1 Pictures 10.2 Sounds 11 Vandalism and deletion 12 Categories and templates 12.1 Categories 12.2 Templates 13 Milestones 13.1 Articles 13.2 Users 14 High-use pages 15 Database reports 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References Beginnings See also: Wikipedia:Wikipedia's oldest articles and Wikipedia:First 100 pages First page and edit: HomePage on 19:27, 15 January 2001 First non-stub/list article: AfghanistaN[a] on 16 January 2001 First named user: ScottMoonen[b] on 16 January 2001[c] User with the earliest creation date per Special:ListUsers: WojPob on 29 January 2001 User with ID number 1:[d][e] Damian Yerrick on 29 September 2001 First female contributor:[f] RoseParks[g] First named female contributor: GaythaLanglois on 17 January 2001 First biographical article: ThomasReid on 00:10, 17 January 2001 First biographical article of a living person: William Alston[h] on 00:13, 17 January 2001 First biographical article to be updated after the subject's death: Jack Lemmon on 22:55, 28 June 2001[i][j][k] First image: on 19:03, 19 January 2001[l] First JPG: http://www.lclark.edu/~nilsen/nilsenfam.jpg at HumanComputerInteraction on 10:12:44, 25 January 2001 First PNG:[m] turtle.png[n] at Logo (programming language) on 30 March 2001[o] First PNG with full URLs: and at User:WojPob/banners on 12 June 2001[o][p] First SVG: File:Cirles of confusion lens diagram.svg on 13 January 2003 First used picture to be officially hosted on Wikipedia's servers: at Golden Gate Bridge on 31 July 2001 First image uploaded to MediaWiki: mark_twain.jpg[q][r] First featured article (FA):[s] TheCanonofScripture, MathematicalGrouP, and NewZealand on 23:53, 21 January 2001 First redirect: SnowBOARDING[t] First attempted free link: [[test]] on 28 January 2001[u] First successful free link:[f] [[word]] on 18 February 2001[v] First page not created as CamelCase: Alabama on 19 February 2001[w] First free link in an article: AfricA[a] on 20 February 2001[x] Oldest surviving edit without intervention:[y] UuU[a] on 20:08, 16 January 2001 First page deletion: AfGhanistan on 24 January 2001[z] First subpage: AtlasShrugged/TaggartTranscontinental on 29 January 2001[aa] Revision with ID number 1:[ab][y] Wikipedia:Wikipedians on 14:25, 26 January 2002 Last surviving article created in the main namespace by an anonymous user:[f] Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana on 5 December 2005[ac] First edit made from outer space: List of spacewalks since 2015 by Astro Christina on 18:16, 17 November 2019[ad] Oldest pages in each namespace All were originally in the main namespace unless otherwise stated. Fill in each namespace's record iff found. Omit the prefix.

Main: HomePage on 19:27, 15 January 2001 Talk: Christianity/Archive 1 on 26 January 2001[ae] User: ScottMoonen on 16 January 2001 User talk: Damian Yerrick on 1 October 2001[af] Wikipedia: UuU on 16 January 2001 Wikipedia talk: Contents/CategorySchemesTalk on 27 January 2001[ag] File: Europeanunion-med.png[ah] on 11:49, 20 July 2002[ai] Template: {{Periodic table}} on 02:27, 30 September 2002 Special: RecentChanges on 16 January 2001[aj] Category: World War II on 03:59, 30 May 2004[ak] First Main Page section appearances Main page: Wikipedia:History of the Main Page The English-language Wikipedia's first picture of the day First picture of the day: The Narrows in Zion National Park, located near Springdale, Utah, is a 16-mile long slot canyon along the Virgin River. Featured in a 2010 National Geographic list of the 100 best American adventure trips, it is one of the most rewarding hikes in the world.[1] First main page version: 15 January 2001, only saying "This is the new WikiPedia!"[al] First event on In the news:[f] September 11 attacks on 11 September 2001[am] First recent death:[f] Dudley Moore on 27 March 2002[an] First (and only as of 2021) {{In the news/special-header}}: 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, from 16 March 2020 to 29 January 2021 First On this day: 21 October 2002 (linked article version) First Today's featured article (TFA): Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on 22 February 2004 First Did you know (DYK): Pencil sharpener on 22 February 2004 First Picture of the day: Virgin River Narrows (pictured) on 14 May 2004 First Today's featured list: List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders on 13 June 2011 Articles Longest article revision ever: List of named minor planets (numerical) on 17:09, 2 December 2016 (2,045,391 bytes) Longest current articles that is a list or timeline: ‎List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements (472,680 bytes as of 23 September 2021) that is not a list or timeline: ‎Berliner FC Dynamo ‎(476,891 bytes as of 11 September 2021) that is a biography: Donald Trump (430,952 bytes as of 23 September 2021) that is a non-political biography: Cristiano Ronaldo (357,307 bytes as of 23 September 2021) that is a featured list: List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (464,364 bytes as of 23 September 2021) that is a featured article: Barack Obama (372,940 bytes as of 2 August 2021) that is a good article (GA): Kerala (358,886 bytes as of 30 August 2021) Longest article at creation date: List of named minor planets (numerical) on 02:01, 2 November 2016 (2,024,726 bytes) Articles with the most references that is a list: List of lakes of Ontario: B (2,213 references as of 9 September 2021) that is a biography: Joseph Stalin (935 references as of 9 September 2021) that is neither a list nor a biography: Sutton Hoo helmet (849 references as of 9 September 2021) Most-used footnote in an article: List of Russula species (1,162 pointers to one reference as of 8 February 2020) Most hatnotes for one article: Standard 52-card deck (10 hatnotes on 10:25, 3 June 2019) Longest table of contents: Winning streak (602 headings on 00:59, 28 October 2018)[ao] Longest time an article had no sources of any kind: Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night from 22 August 2001 to 13 June 2021 (19 years, 295 days) Longest time an article had no inline or explicitly-cited sources: Same as above Longest time between edits to a page in the main namespace:[y] Christian Huygens from 14:32, 27 February 2002 to 02:04, 7 May 2021 (19 years, 69 days) Longest time between edits to a page in the main namespace that is not a redirect page:[f] Granger-Thye Act of 1950 from 00:00, 14 September 2009 to 21:43, 5 July 2019 (9 years, 294 days)[ap] Longest time between edits to a page in the main namespace discounting bot edits:[f] Buck Island from 11:32, 31 January 2009 to 17:00, 26 March 2019 (10 years, 54 days) Longest time between the creation of an article and its talk page: For a non-redirect: Celestial globe, created by an unknown user between 20 December 2001 and 25 January 2002,[aq] talk page created on 6 July 2020. However, this was a redirect between July 2005, when WikiProject tags on talk pages were uncommon, and November 2016. For an article that has never been a redirect: Theatre Owners Booking Association, created on 10 May 2005, talk page created on 24 December 2020 For a redirect: PopularMusic, created as an article on 16 January 2001, talk page created on 6 July 2020 Largest article talk page including archives: Donald Trump (19.28 MB as of 11 December 2020) Most archives of a main namespace talk page: Jesus (133 as of 19 April 2020) Most archives of a non-main namespace talk page: Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship (258 as of 4 March 2021) Most archives of a non-main namespace non-talk page: Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents (1,060 as of 4 March 2021) Longest continuously-featured article: Byzantine Empire (promoted on 26 May 2001 and having no record of ever being demoted as of 4 October 2021)[ar] Shortest FA ever: Tropical Depression Ten (2005) on 23:02, 7 December 2019 (8,762 bytes)[as] Disambiguation pages with the most "may refer to" entries as of 13 February 2020:[bk] Page Most-watched bepis AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

bepis