Many NES and Gameboy games are pretty short, for example the old Capcom Disney games like Talespin, The Little Mermaid or Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers.
Since you mentioned that your PC is not the best: maybe you're interested in some DOS-games? Some classics like Pac-Man ( https://www.speedrun.com/pac-man ), Prince of Persia ( https://www.speedrun.com/pop1 ) or Moonstone ( https://www.speedrun.com/moonstone_a_hard_days_knight ) never grow old.
Oh, maybe they did grow old... 🤔
I know it's a little bit longer at around 15-20 minutes, but the graphics and controls are simple so it shouldn't take a lot of PC power.
The game is: https://www.speedrun.com/super_novel_collector_speedrun_edition
Link to get the game: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1171770/Super_Novel_Collector_Speedrun_Edition/
Hey I know it is probably a little too late for this but my game 1 Screen Platformer is pretty quick https://store.steampowered.com/app/791180/1_Screen_Platformer/
A typical run is 7-15 min but there are a lot of categories to run.
"Bills Hotel" is a short sub 5 if you grind with good movement opportunities if you are still looking for a game
Super Novel Collector https://store.steampowered.com/app/1171770/Super_Novel_Collector_Speedrun_Edition/ has a special pandemic sale on now and takes about 15 mins to complete.
Tower Of Turmoil is a hombrew NES game that has gotten a lot of new runners recently. It’s around 6 minutes long, and I made a TAS that’s only 5:19.
purring quest, yo noid 2, and out there somewhere are good short games on steam. My bad computer runs them. yn2 is free and the other 2 are on steam
I mean, I would love it if someone new checked out rollcage, but I doubt that’s going to happen.
I'm gonna shill a bit here but Strider (NES) is a short run that has some great tutorials and how to's. I've been running the game for about a month now and it's been super simple to pick up.
I'm gonna recommend Speed Run 4, https://www.speedrun.com/robloxsr4. The category everyone runs, no skips 5 levels, is about 2 minutes long. There's also categories for 8, 16, and every level. It's very linear, but that's probably the only downside.
Any racing game should have single-track records. I actually just logged in to submit one myself. Four minutes flat on my fourth attempt - not even twenty minutes of my time and I'll have the WR as soon as it's verified.
Try Shrine To Anubis, speedruns are under 6 minutes and I think it's only $1 on steam. https://www.speedrun.com/shrinetoanubis
Biba's Adventure, curse of greed, FoxBot, Legbreaker, Pencil Sharpening Simulator, Super Gigadroid. Just some of the ones i run
If you want you can do Moving Obstacles II on Geometry Dash. It takes well under a minute.